The Arctic Peoples (Inuit or Eskimos) are indigenous to Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland.
They form a distinct genetic cluster (Cavalli-Sforza, Menozzi and Piazza 1994).
They differ genetically from Native Americans by having an appreciable percentage of blood type B (absent in Native Americans).
They differ from Native Americans and East Asians by being more adapted to the cold, with shorter legs and arms and a thick trunk to conserve heat, a more pronounced epicanthic fold, and a flattened nose in the face to reduce the risk of frostbite. The Eskimos evolved into a distinct race because their ancestors were isolated from East Asians by the Chersky mountain range in northeast Asia. The Inuit separated from the Chukchi of northwest Russia when they migrated to North America 11,000 years ago across the Bering Strait. In the mid-20th century, there were approximately 50,000 Inuit.
IQ of Arctic People
The median value is 91. Their large cranial capacity would have suggested that they would have a higher IQ than Europeans, yet this is not the case. The explanation can be found in Cause of Racial Differences.
Table 11.1 IQ of Arctic Peoples
| AGE | N | TEST | IQ | VER | VIS | REFERENCE | |
| 1 | 6/11 | 105 | DAM | 93 | – | – | Eells, 1933 |
| 2 | 8/18 | 94 | – | 80 | – | – | Anderson & Eells, 1935 |
| 3 | 6/11 | 469 | DAM | 89 | – | – | Eells, 1933 |
| 4 | 8/18 | 389 | S. BINET | 74 | – | – | Anderson & Eells, 1935 |
| 5 | 6/9 | 174 | CPM | 94 | – | – | MacArthur, 1965 |
| 6 | 10/15 | 326 | SPM | 84 | – | – | MacArthur, 1965 |
| 7 | 25 | 122 | CPM | 78 | – | – | Berry, 1966 |
| 8 | Adults | 186 | CPMT | 93 | – | 93 | Kunce et al., 1967 |
| 9 | 10 | 87 | SPM | 91 | – | – | MacArthur, 1967 |
| 10 | 11 | 50 | MVK | 90 | 80 | 88 | Vernon, 1969 |
| 11 | 6/12 | 380 | WISC | 91 | – | 91 | Kaplan et al., 1973 |
| 12 | 9/12 | 69 | CPM | 96 | – | – | Taylor & Skanes, 1976a |
| 13 | 7 | 22 | WPPSI | 93 | 78 | 93 | Taylor & Skanes, 1976b |
| 14 | 7/10 | 63 | CPM | 95 | – | – | Taylor & Skanes, 1977 |
| 15 | 7/14 | 366 | WISC-R | 91 | – | 91 | Wilgosh et al., 1986 |
| 16 | 5 | 110 | CPM | 92 | – | – | Wright et al., 1996 |
| 17 | 15 | 261 | CF/MH | 86 | 77 | – | Grigorenko et al., 2004 |
| 18 | 9 | 29 | SPM+ | 80 | – | – | Shibaev & Lynn, 2015 |
References for the entire page Race differences in intelligence. An Evolutionary Analysis, Chapter 11, Richard Lynn, Washington Summit Publisher, 1st edition 2006 and 2nd edition 2015.